There are numerous common image processing techniques used to manipulate, enhance, or analyze digital images. Some of the most commonly used techniques include:

  1. Image filtering: Filtering techniques such as Gaussian, median, or bilateral filtering are used to remove noise from images and improve their quality.

  2. Image enhancement: Techniques like histogram equalization, contrast stretching, and gamma correction are used to enhance the visual appearance of images by increasing their sharpness, brightness, or contrast.

  3. Image resizing and cropping: Resizing allows changing the dimensions of an image, while cropping involves removing unwanted parts. These techniques are often used to fit images into specific sizes or compositions.

  4. Image rotation and flipping: These techniques allow rotating an image by a certain angle or flipping it horizontally or vertically. They can be used for correcting image orientation or achieving desired visual effects.

  5. Edge detection: Edge detection techniques, such as the Sobel or Canny algorithms, are used to identify and highlight edges in an image. This is essential for tasks like object recognition or feature extraction.

  6. Image segmentation: Segmentation techniques divide an image into meaningful regions or objects based on pixel intensity, color, or texture. It is widely used in object recognition, medical imaging, and computer vision applications.

  7. Image compression: Various compression algorithms, such as JPEG or PNG, are used to reduce the file size of images while preserving their visual quality. This facilitates storage and transmission of images.

  8. Image stitching: Stitching techniques are used to combine multiple images of a scene or object into a seamless panoramic image. This is commonly used in photography and computer vision applications.

  9. Image registration: Registration techniques align multiple images, often taken at different times or from different perspectives, to create a composite image. It is useful in medical imaging and satellite imagery.

  10. Image analysis: Techniques like object detection, pattern recognition, or feature extraction are used to analyze and extract meaningful information from images. This is crucial in fields like remote sensing, surveillance, and machine vision.

  These are just a few examples of the many image processing techniques available. The choice of technique depends on the specific application and the desired outcome.