The magnetic core in a transformer plays a crucial role in its operation. It is typically made of a material with high magnetic permeability, such as silicon steel or ferrite. The core serves as a pathway for the magnetic flux generated by the primary winding to link with the secondary winding.

  Three main functions of the magnetic core can be highlighted:

  1. Magnetic Flux Conduction: The core provides a low-reluctance path for the magnetic flux to flow through, minimizing the energy loss due to magnetic resistance. This allows efficient transfer of energy between the primary and secondary winding. Without a magnetic core, a significant portion of the magnetic field would leak, resulting in decreased overall efficiency.

  2. Flux Concentration: By shaping the magnetic core into a closed loop, the core helps to concentrate the magnetic flux within its structure. This concentration ensures that the majority of the flux passes through the windings, increasing the coupling between the primary and secondary windings. Improved coupling leads to better energy transfer and higher transformer efficiency.

  3. Reduce Eddy Currents: When the magnetic field changes in magnitude, it induces eddy currents in conductive parts of the transformer, including the magnetic core itself. These eddy currents can cause energy losses due to resistive heating. The core is designed to minimize the effects of these eddy currents by using laminated layers of the core material with insulation between them. This laminated construction reduces the area of conducting paths and effectively reduces eddy current losses.

  Overall, the magnetic core in a transformer ensures efficient energy transfer, increased coupling, and reduced energy losses. It is an essential component that enables the functioning of the transformer.